Degenerative pathologies that cause morphological, molecular and biomechanical damage to articular cartilage lead to a biochemical reorganization of the extracellular matrix, while altering the main molecules, such as type II collagen and aggrecan. In search of therapeutic options, electric fields have been a tool used to treat pathologies associated with articular cartilage. These increase cell viability and stimulate the proliferation and gene expression of proteins such as type II collagen and the aggrecan core protein. This review highlights both the morphophysiology, pathologies and treatments of articular cartilage, and highlights the importance of using electric fields as a stimulus for monolayer cultured articular chondrocytes. In conclusion, it is shown that electric fields increase cell capacity and stimulate the appearance and synthesis of the main molecules of the extracellular matrix of cartilage. This has therapeutic implications for future applications in both tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.